{
  "chain_slug": "avalanche",
  "name": "Avalanche",
  "scorecard_profile": "L1",
  "evaluated_at": "2026-04-18",
  "evaluator": "layerqu-v2-scoring-agent-1",
  "v1_reference": "chainscreen-v1-archive",
  "dimensions": {
    "1_cryptographic_exposure": {
      "weight": 0.15,
      "score": 30,
      "sub_scores": {
        "1a_primitive_inventory": {
          "score": 12,
          "primitives_named": [
            "ECDSA secp256k1 (C-Chain, X-Chain transactions)",
            "BLS12-381 (P-Chain subnet validator sigs)",
            "Keccak-256 (EVM)",
            "SHA-256"
          ],
          "evidence": [
            "https://build.avax.network/academy/avalanche-l1/avalanche-fundamentals"
          ],
          "note": "Multiple chain types with different primitives."
        },
        "1b_shor_grover_pq_tag": {
          "score": 12,
          "tags": {
            "ECDSA secp256k1": "Shor-break",
            "BLS12-381": "Shor-break",
            "Keccak-256": "Grover-weaken-128bit",
            "SHA-256": "Grover-weaken-128bit"
          },
          "evidence": [
            "https://build.avax.network"
          ]
        },
        "1c_algorithm_family_diversity": {
          "score": 0,
          "families_represented": 0,
          "families": [],
          "note": "No PQC families"
        },
        "1d_nist_security_category": {
          "score": 0,
          "mappings": {},
          "note": "No NIST PQC"
        },
        "1e_implementation_quality": {
          "score": 6,
          "formal_verification": "AvalancheGo audited by Halborn, Quantstamp",
          "constant_time": "standard",
          "libraries": [
            "libsecp256k1",
            "blst"
          ],
          "evidence": [
            "https://github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego"
          ]
        }
      },
      "total_artifacts": 2
    },
    "2_hndl_exposure": {
      "weight": 0.1,
      "score": 22,
      "sub_scores": {
        "2a_active_key_exposure": {
          "score": 5,
          "note": "C-Chain EVM accounts expose pubkeys. 1,700 validators."
        },
        "2b_cold_key_exposure": {
          "score": 6,
          "note": "Mainnet since Sept 2020. Moderate cold exposure."
        },
        "2c_signature_longterm_validity": {
          "score": 5,
          "note": "Subnet validator BLS sigs and C-Chain ECDSA forgeable post-Shor."
        },
        "2d_encryption_confidentiality": {
          "score": 6,
          "note": "Standard TLS; Snowman consensus uses standard node TLS."
        }
      },
      "total_artifacts": 1
    },
    "3_metadata_privacy_exposure": {
      "weight": 0.13,
      "score": 25,
      "sub_scores": {
        "3a_tx_graph_visibility": {
          "score": 6,
          "note": "Transparent pseudonymous C-Chain; X-Chain slightly more opaque (UTXO)."
        },
        "3b_rpc_mempool_concentration": {
          "score": 6,
          "note": "Infura, Alchemy, Ava Labs RPC. Moderate concentration."
        },
        "3c_cross_chain_bridge_correlation": {
          "score": 6,
          "note": "Avalanche Bridge (centralized), LayerZero, Wormhole, Chainlink CCIP."
        },
        "3d_retroactive_deanon_risk": {
          "score": 7,
          "note": "Standard transparent ledger; no shielded pool."
        }
      },
      "total_artifacts": 1
    },
    "4_migration_architecture": {
      "weight": 0.1,
      "score": 42,
      "sub_scores": {
        "4a_crypto_agility": {
          "score": 10,
          "note": "Multi-VM architecture allows custom VMs with alternative crypto. Subnets can use different primitives."
        },
        "4b_account_abstraction_key_rotation": {
          "score": 12,
          "note": "C-Chain inherits ERC-4337; subnets can implement custom AA."
        },
        "4c_hard_fork_track_record": {
          "score": 12,
          "note": "Avalanche9000 upgrade Nov 2024; Etna ACP-86 EVM upgrade 2025."
        },
        "4d_hybrid_deployment_readiness": {
          "score": 8,
          "note": "Subnet custom-VM model allows hybrid PQC experiments but no shipped work."
        }
      },
      "total_artifacts": 2
    },
    "5_deployment_execution": {
      "weight": 0.22,
      "score": 2,
      "sub_scores": {
        "5a_mainnet_pqc_pct": {
          "score": 0,
          "mainnet_pqc_pct": 0,
          "evidence": [],
          "note": "no public artifact found"
        },
        "5b_pqc_code_in_client": {
          "score": 0,
          "note": "no PQC in AvalancheGo"
        },
        "5c_validator_pqc_adoption": {
          "score": 0,
          "note": "1,700 validators, no PQC keys"
        },
        "5d_published_milestones_count": {
          "score": 0,
          "count": 0,
          "note": "no PQC milestones"
        },
        "5e_pqc_washing_delta": {
          "score": 2,
          "ratio": 1,
          "note": "No PQC announcements"
        }
      },
      "total_artifacts": 0
    },
    "6_supply_chain_vendor_readiness": {
      "weight": 0.22,
      "score": 6,
      "sub_scores": {
        "6a_wallet": {
          "score": 2,
          "top3": [
            "Core Wallet (Ava)",
            "MetaMask",
            "Ledger HW"
          ],
          "pqc_roadmap_count": 0,
          "evidence": []
        },
        "6b_bridge": {
          "score": 1,
          "top3": [
            "Avalanche Bridge",
            "LayerZero",
            "Wormhole"
          ],
          "pqc_roadmap_count": 0,
          "evidence": []
        },
        "6c_custodian": {
          "score": 2,
          "top3": [
            "Coinbase Custody",
            "BitGo",
            "Fireblocks"
          ],
          "pqc_roadmap_count": 0,
          "evidence": []
        },
        "6d_rpc_hsm": {
          "score": 1,
          "top3": [
            "Ava Labs RPC",
            "Infura",
            "Alchemy"
          ],
          "pqc_roadmap_count": 0,
          "evidence": []
        }
      },
      "total_artifacts": 1
    },
    "7_governance_coordination": {
      "weight": 0.08,
      "score": 48,
      "sub_scores": {
        "7a_validator_stake_distribution": {
          "score": 15,
          "note": "1,700 primary validators, 155K delegators."
        },
        "7b_upgrade_cadence_under_pressure": {
          "score": 13,
          "note": "Smooth Avalanche9000 and Etna upgrades. ACP process active."
        },
        "7c_named_coordination_lead": {
          "score": 13,
          "note": "Ava Labs (Emin Gun Sirer)."
        },
        "7d_adversarial_coordination_precedent": {
          "score": 7,
          "note": "No documented adversarial crypto-change."
        }
      },
      "total_artifacts": 2
    }
  },
  "gates": {
    "hybrid_deployment": "FAIL",
    "evidence_reconstruction": "PASS",
    "primitive_naming": "PASS"
  },
  "caps_applied": [
    "mosca_cap_60",
    "sutor_stage_cap_2",
    "casado_stage_cap_3",
    "preskill_half_dim2_dim3_dim5_dim6",
    "hybrid_gate_fail_cap_60"
  ],
  "qri": {
    "raw": 16,
    "after_caps": 16,
    "ci_plus_minus": 15,
    "band": 2,
    "band_name": "Acknowledged"
  },
  "migration_stage": 0,
  "mosca_inequality": {
    "X_signature_shelf_life_years": "5-10 (EOA with key rotation; subnet validator keys 10+)",
    "Y_migration_time_years_range": "10-15",
    "Z_10pct_year": 2036,
    "Z_50pct_year": 2041,
    "danger_zone_at_50pct": true
  },
  "four_scenario_grid": {
    "quantum_never": {
      "value_preserved_pct": 100,
      "privacy_preserved_pct": 100
    },
    "arrives_suddenly_pre_migration": {
      "value_preserved_pct": 15,
      "privacy_preserved_pct": 5
    },
    "arrives_slowly_post_migration": {
      "value_preserved_pct": 80,
      "privacy_preserved_pct": 70
    },
    "arrives_slowly_mid_migration": {
      "value_preserved_pct": 45,
      "privacy_preserved_pct": 30
    }
  },
  "burn_vs_rescue_policy": "undeclared",
  "pqc_washing_ratio": 1,
  "vendor_tile_summary": {
    "wallet": {
      "top3": [
        "Core Wallet",
        "MetaMask",
        "Ledger HW"
      ],
      "pqc_roadmap_count": 0
    },
    "bridge": {
      "top3": [
        "Avalanche Bridge",
        "LayerZero",
        "Wormhole"
      ],
      "pqc_roadmap_count": 0
    },
    "custodian": {
      "top3": [
        "Coinbase Custody",
        "BitGo",
        "Fireblocks"
      ],
      "pqc_roadmap_count": 0
    },
    "rpc_hsm": {
      "top3": [
        "Ava Labs RPC",
        "Infura",
        "Alchemy"
      ],
      "pqc_roadmap_count": 0
    }
  },
  "narrative_summary": "Avalanche uses ECDSA secp256k1 (C-Chain) and BLS12-381 (P-Chain subnet validators). Subnet architecture allows custom VMs with alternative crypto, but no PQC work has shipped. Zero PQC research identified. Strong upgrade track record (Avalanche9000, Etna) gives coordination credibility only.",
  "evaluator_notes": "Subnet architecture is one of the more flexible platforms for potential PQC experiments (custom VM per subnet) but Ava Labs has not prioritized this.",
  "narrative_voiced": "Avalanche has the most flexible architecture for PQC experiments on this list, because any subnet can run a custom VM with custom crypto. It also has zero subnets doing that. The capability everyone cites as a reason Avalanche could migrate fast is the same capability nobody has used."
}